Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are widely applied in biomimetic membranes for water recycling and desalination. In this study, a novel aquaporin was isolated from Photobacterium profundum SS9 (AQP SS9), which showed high water permeability and potential for practical water purification applications. To improve the stability of the AQP SS9 embedded biomimetic membranes, a modified AQP SS9 was obtained by incorporation of an unnatural amino acid (p-propargyloxyphenylalanine, pPpa) (P-AQP SS9) in vitro using a mutated Methanocaldococcus jannaschii tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (TyrRS) and the cell-free expression system. The modified AQP SS9 can covalently link with phospholipids and hence significantly improve the stability of biomimetic membranes. The concentration of Mg2+ and fusion expression with signal peptides were evaluated to enhance the expression level of P-AQP SS9, resulting in a highest yield of 49 mg/L. The modified AQP SS9 was then reconstituted into DOPC liposomes and analyzed by a stopped-flow spectrophotometer. The obtained water permeability coefficient (Pf) of 7.46×10-4 m/s was 5.7 times higher than that of proteoliposomes with the wild-type AQP SS9 (Pf=1.31×10-4 m/s) and 12.1 times higher than that of the DOPC liposomes (Pf=6.15×10-5m/s). This study demonstrates the development of a cell-free system for the expression of membrane proteins with much higher stability and the potential application of the modified aquaporins for water filtration.