KRAS(G12D) mutation promotes pancreatic tumorigenesis by suppressing sirtuin three via the guanine nucleotide exchange factor RCC1.

KRAS(G12D) mutation is a prevalent gain-of-function mutation that drives pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis, but the underlying mechanisms that promote KRAS-induced cell proliferation and tumor formation remain elusive. To uncover the molecular pathways that facilitate KRAS(G12D)-driven malignant transformation, we measured the transcriptomic alterations at various time points after induction of KRAS(G12D) expression in human pancreatic normal epithelial cells. KEGG pathway enrichment of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showed that the major DEGs were located in pathways that regulate nicotinate/nicotinamide metabolism, TNF signaling, and microRNAs associated with cancer. Among these molecular alterations, the NAD-dependent deacetylase gene SIRT3 was significantly down-regulated by KRAS(G12D). Conversely, forced overexpression of SIRT3 inhibited pancreatic cancer cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic study identified RCC1 as a key molecule that mediated KRAS(G12D) inhibition of SIRT3 transcription. Knockdown of RCC1 in pancreatic cancer cells restored SIRT3 expression and impaired tumor formation in vivo. Overall, our study has revealed a previously unrecognized mechanism by which oncogenic KRAS promotes tumor development through down-regulation of the SIRT3-mediated tumor suppression pathway, and has also identified RCC1 as a potential therapeutic target for treatment of cancer patients with KRAS mutations.