Abstract
This study systematically investigates the prognostic value and clinical significance of PANoptosis-related genes in bladder cancer (BC). By integrating the TCGA and GEO databases, two PANoptosis molecular subtypes with significant survival differences were identified, with the C2 subtype demonstrating a more favorable prognosis. A prognostic model comprising nine key genes was constructed, demonstrating robust risk stratification capabilities in both training and validation sets. Further analysis revealed that high-risk patients exhibited distinct immunosuppressive microenvironment characteristics, including enrichment of Treg cells and M2 macrophages. Single-cell sequencing analysis elucidated the cell-type-specific expression patterns of these genes within the tumor microenvironment. Experimental validation confirmed the significant overexpression of KCNJ15, FASN, and ADAMTS12 in BC tissues. The prognostic model established in this study provides a novel tool for risk stratification of BC patients while simultaneously establishing the foundation for in-depth exploration of PANoptosis mechanisms in BC.