Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated the positive effects of formulated feeds on gonadal and hepatopancreatic development of Eriocheir sinensis. However, there are limited studies on the effects of formulated feeds on the immune homeostasis and metabolism of muscle tissue in E. sinensis during the fattening period. Therefore, this study used metabolomic and lipidomic to systematically analyze the effects of formulated diets on muscle metabolism in female E. sinensis. The results indicate that the formulated feeds improved immune performance by inhibiting inflammatory responses, apoptosis and autophagy. In addition, the feed promoted amino acid metabolism and protein synthesis while decreasing muscle fatty acid metabolism. Metabolomic analysis reveal that pyrimidine metabolism is involved in the regulation of muscle physiological health in fattening female crabs. Lipidomic analysis revealed that the formulated feeds play a role in muscle immune homeostasis, amino acid and fatty acid metabolism by regulating the level of ceramide (Cer (d18:1/22:0)) in sphingolipid metabolism. Through subnetwork analysis, the functional interactions of sphingolipid metabolism with the pathways of sphingolipid signaling, apoptosis regulation, inflammatory response and lipid dynamic homeostasis were identified, which further defined the important role of sphingolipid metabolism in the regulation of muscle physiological health and metabolic homeostasis was further identified. In summary, the formulated feeds effectively promote immune homeostasis and metabolism in the muscle of female E. sinensis during the fattening period. These findings provide a solid theoretical foundation for feed formulation optimization and application in fattening practices.