Abstract
The physiological and motivational effects of heroin and other abused drugs become associated with environmental (contextual) stimuli during repeated drug use. As a result, these contextual stimuli gain the ability to elicit drug-like conditioned effects. For example, after context-heroin pairings, exposure to the heroin-paired context alone produces similar effects on peripheral immune function as heroin itself. Conditioned immune effects can significantly exacerbate the adverse health consequences of heroin use. Our laboratory has shown that exposure to a heroin-paired context suppresses lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced splenic nitric oxide (NO) production in male rats, and this effect is mediated in part by the dorsal hippocampus (dHpc). However, specific dHpc output regions, whose efferents might mediate conditioned immune effects, have not been identified, nor has the contribution of ventral hippocampus (vHpc) been investigated. Here, we evaluated the role of CaMKIIα-expressing neurons in the dHpc and vHpc main output regions by expressing Gi-coupled designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) under a CaMKIIα promoter in the dorsal subiculum and CA1 (dSub, dCA1) or ventral subiculum and CA1 (vSub, vCA1). After context-heroin conditioning, clozapine-N-oxide (CNO, DREADD agonist) or vehicle was administered systemically prior to heroin-paired context (or home-cage control) exposure and LPS immune challenge. Chemogenetic inhibition of CaMKIIα-expressing neurons in dHpc, but not vHpc, output regions attenuated the expression of conditioned splenic NO suppression. These results establish that the main dHpc output regions, the dSub and dCA1, are critical for this context-heroin conditioned immune effect.