Abstract
We present a protocol for formulating and evaluating lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) that incorporate the plant-derived sterols ginsenoside Rg2 and protopanaxadiol (PPD) as substitutes for cholesterol. The protocol describes mRNA preparation, manual mRNA-LNP encapsulation, and physicochemical characterization. We further detail in vitro and in vivo procedures to evaluate mRNA delivery efficiency. This protocol provides a robust and cost-effective platform for efficient mRNA delivery. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Park et al.1.