Analysis of bioglass/cerium dioxide nanocoating and its antibacterial properties for the restoration of hard tissue around oral titanium implants.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate peri-implant hard tissue regeneration by developing a novel titanium (Ti) implant coated with a composite nanocoating of bioglass (BG) and cerium dioxide (CeO(2)). METHODS: The BG/CeO(2) composite coating was fabricated on Ti implants using liquid-feed flame spray pyrolysis. The coating's morphology and composition were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Its antibacterial efficacy was assessed against Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis). The cytocompatibility, osteogenic differentiation, and mineralization potential were evaluated using human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). Additionally, rabbit mandibular defect models were established to investigate the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and osteogenic properties of the implants in vivo. RESULTS: The CeO(2) nanocoatings exhibited significant antibacterial activity against P. gingivalis while demonstrating excellent biocompatibility and a marked stimulation of DPSC proliferation. The CeO(2)/BG-Ti implants were more effective in enhancing DPSC activity and upregulating the expression of osteogenesis-related proteins than control groups. In rabbit models, the CeO(2)/BG-Ti implants effectively mitigated oxidative stress and reduced the secretion of inflammatory factors, thereby alleviating the post-operative inflammatory response. Furthermore, improved bone healing and enhanced new bone formation were observed around the CeO(2)/BG-Ti implants, leading to superior implant stability and osseointegration. CONCLUSIONS: The CeO(2)/BG-Ti composite implants demonstrate considerable potential for clinical use in oral implantology, offering enhanced antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and osteogenic benefits.