THBS1 identificated as an endometriosis biomarker through evidence from single-cell and bulk transcriptomic profiling.

Endometriosis affects a substantial number of women of reproductive age, yet current diagnostic methods rely on invasive procedures. To address this limitation, we investigated THBS1 as a potential biomarker and regulator of disease progression. Integrating bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing data, we identified THBS1 as a gene enriched in ectopic endometrial tissues. Immunohistochemistry confirmed its elevated expression, while functional assays revealed that THBS1 promotes endometrial cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In a subcutaneous xenograft model, THBS1 silencing by small interfering RNA suppressed ectopic lesion growth, demonstrating its functional relevance in vivo. These findings position THBS1 as a central modulator of endometrial cellular behavior and provide a conceptual framework linking its molecular activity to the pathophysiology of endometriosis. The study supports THBS1 as a candidate biomarker that could inform the development of noninvasive diagnostic strategies.