Regenerative Potential of Various Plant-Derived Exosome Injections in Laser-Induced Skin Wound Healing in a Rabbit Model.

BACKGROUND: Thermal injuries caused by laser incisions in soft tissue can delay wound healing by triggering inflammation and tissue damage. Plant-derived exosomes have recently gained attention as innovative biological agents with promising regenerative capabilities for soft tissue repair. OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the effectiveness of injecting three commercial plant-based exosome products: Exoline, Glow, and Elysee in enhancing the healing process of laser-induced skin wounds in a rabbit model. METHODS: One hundred and twenty adult male New Zealand rabbits were randomized into four groups (n = 30 each): untreated control, Exoline, Glow, and Elysee. Full-thickness 1 × 1 cm laser wounds were created on the ventral aspect of the right ear. Exosome-treated groups received 0.1 mL injections into the wound bed and margins immediately after injury. Animals were sacrificed at baseline (Day 0) to confirm comparable wound conditions across groups, and subsequently at Day 7 and Day 14. Wound healing was assessed grossly and histologically using hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome (for collagen fiber deposition), and CD31 immunohistochemistry (for angiogenesis). Quantitative scoring was performed by blinded observers. RESULTS: Clinically, all wounds achieved apparent closure by Day 14; however, histological assessment revealed persistent differences in tissue organization and angiogenesis between groups. At Day 7, Glow induced the highest collagen deposition, followed by Elysee and Exoline, whereas Exoline elicited the strongest angiogenic response, followed by Elysee and Glow. By Day 14, Glow maintained the lead in collagen maturation, followed by Exoline and Elysee, while Exoline remained most effective for angiogenesis, followed by Elysee and Glow. All exosome-treated groups significantly outperformed controls (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Plant-derived exosomes enhance cutaneous wound repair with formulation-specific benefits. Glow optimized early and late collagen deposition, Exoline promoted angiogenesis, and Elysee contributed to intermediate angiogenic effects. These findings support the potential for tailored exosome-based therapies in regenerative dermatology. These preliminary results in a rabbit model warrant further investigation in long-term studies and human clinical applications.