Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata and Coptidis Rhizoma mitigate the course of acute myeloid leukemia.

OBJECTIVES: Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata (RALP) and Coptidis Rhizoma (CR) demonstrated efficacy in mitigating malignant phenotypes across various tumors types. Therefore, this research aimed to assess the impact of RALP and CR on tumor burden in acute myelocytic leukemia (AML). METHODS: In vitro, AML cell lines were treated with a range of RALP and CR concentrations over varying durations to determine the optimal inhibitory concentrations. In vivo, an AML model was established in NSG mince using Luc-MOLM-13 cells. The effects of RALP and CR on AML tumor burden were subsequently evaluated via in vivo imaging and histopathological analysis. Potential therapeutic targets of RALP and CR in AML were identified using network. RESULTS: Monotherapy with either RALP or CR effectively reduced AML cell viability, with maximal inhibition observed at 100 µg/ml for 72 hours. In vitro, both agents attenuated AML cell proliferation and increased apoptosis, with the combination treatment exhibiting a synergistic effect. In vivo, RALP and/or CR treatment alleviated model-associated weight loss, reduced Luc-MOLM-13 cell infiltration, and decreased bone marrow hCD45(+) cells, with the combination regimen proving most effective. Network pharmacology identified 9 and 57 potential AML-related targets for RALP and CR, respectively. These targets regulate apoptosis, inflammation, proliferation, and immunity. Notably, hub proteins among these targets were effectively regulated by RALP and/or CR treatment, including CALM1, CASP3, CHEK1, ESR1, IL-6, MYC, and PTGS2. CONCLUSIONS: As traditional Chinese medicine, RALP and CR effectively alleviate AML tumor burden, and their combination demonstrates synergistic effects.