Conclusions
Our study suggests a new hypothesis regarding IL-1β production in RA involving ACPAs, which may be a potential therapeutic target in RA treatment.
Methods
Immunohistochemical (IHC) assays were carried out to determine IL-1β levels in ACPA+ and ACPA- RA patients. PBMC-derived monocytes were differentiated into macrophages before stimulation with ACPAs purified from RA patients. The localization and interaction of molecules were analyzed by confocal microscopy, co-IP, and surface plasmon resonance.
Results
In our study, we found that IL-1β levels were elevated in ACPA+ RA patients and that ACPAs promoted IL-1β production by PBMC-derived macrophages. ACPAs interacted with CD147 to enhance the interaction between CD147 and integrin β1 and, in turn, activate the Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway. The nuclear localization of p65 promoted the expression of NLRP3 and pro-IL-1β, resulting in priming. Moreover, ACPA stimulation activated pannexin channels, leading to ATP release. The accumulated ATP bound to the P2X7 receptor, leading to NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Conclusions: Our study suggests a new hypothesis regarding IL-1β production in RA involving ACPAs, which may be a potential therapeutic target in RA treatment.