Abstract
BACKGROUND: This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the global, regional, and national epidemiology of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) from 1990 to 2021, focusing on incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). METHODS: Using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, we investigated the trends and patterns of AML across 204 countries and territories during 1990 to 2021. All statistical analyses and data visualizations were performed using R (version 4.4.2) and JD_GBDR (V2.36). RESULTS: The global incidence of AML increased by 82.25% from 79.37 × 10³ cases in 1990 to 144.65 × 10³ cases in 2021, with significant variations across regions. AML-related deaths increased by 73.77% globally, from 74.92 × 10³ in 1990 to 130.19 × 10³ in 2021. DALYs rose by 23.70%, from 3342.91 × 10³ in 1990 to 4135.06 × 10³ in 2021. CONCLUSIONS: High SDI regions face higher incidence and mortality due to advanced diagnostics and aging, while low-middle SDI regions show rapid increases likely due to urbanization and lifestyle changes. Addressing these disparities requires improved healthcare infrastructure, early detection, and targeted interventions, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).