Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, necessitating innovative therapeutic strategies. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as regulators of gene expression, influencing various cellular processes involved in cardiovascular health and disease. This review explores the functional roles of lncRNAs in CVD pathogenesis, highlighting their involvement in processes such as hypertrophy, fibrosis, inflammation, and vascular remodeling. We discuss their potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets, alongside recent advancements in gene therapy approaches. While no lncRNA-based therapies have yet reached clinical trials, emerging RNA-targeting technologies, including antisense oligonucleotides, siRNAs, and CRISPR-based interventions, offer promising avenues for future therapeutic applications. Additionally, we examine the challenges associated with delivering lncRNA-based therapies, evaluating both viral and non-viral delivery methods, and their potential to revolutionize cardiovascular medicine. Ultimately, a deeper understanding of lncRNA biology and improvements in delivery strategies will be crucial in translating these findings into clinical treatments.