Abstract
The high-altitude environment, an extreme kind of geographical environment characterized by low atmospheric pressure and oxygen levels, coupled with low temperatures, may significantly impact on the cardiovascular system and blood pressure regulation. Hypertension, a primary cardiovascular risk factor threatening human health, is influenced by a variety of genetic and environmental factors. A growing body of evidence suggests the prevalence of hypertension is higher in populations living in high-altitude regions than that in populations living at low altitudes. However, the awareness, treatment, and management rates are significantly lower in high-altitude regions. Despite the tremendous progress made in research on altitude-related hypertension over recent decades, debates persist regarding the blood pressure response of acute and chronic exposure to high altitudes, as well as the relevant diagnosis and treatment protocols. Herein, we made a brief review of the effects of high-altitude exposure on blood pressure, the epidemiology, mechanisms, and treatment recommendations of altitude-related hypertension in order to improve the prevention and treatment of altitude-related hypertension.