Abstract
PURPOSE: Radiolabeled somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) antagonists have shown higher tumor uptake and tumor-to-organ ratios than somatostatin agonists in preclinical models of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). We performed a phase I study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of SSTR2 antagonist (177)Lu-satoreotide tetraxetan. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty patients with advanced SSTR2-positive NETs were treated with (177)Lu-satoreotide tetraxetan. Patients first underwent a dosimetry study with (177)Lu-satoreotide tetraxetan to determine the therapeutic activity that could be safely administered. This activity was split into two equal cycles to be delivered 3 months apart. The maximum activity was 7.4 GBq per cycle. RESULTS: Of 20 patients with NETs (one lung, seven small bowel, nine pancreatic, one gastric, one rectal, one kidney; mean prior treatments: three), six received one cycle of (177)Lu- satoreotide tetraxetan and 14 received two cycles. Hematologic toxicity after cycle 1 was mild-moderate and reversed before cycle 2. However, grade 4 hematologic toxicity occurred in four of seven (57%) patients after cycle 2 of (177)Lu-satoreotide tetraxetan. The study was suspended, and the protocol modified to limit the cumulative absorbed bone marrow dose to 1 Gy and to reduce prescribed activity for cycle 2 by 50%. The best overall response rate was 45% [5% complete response (1/20), 40% partial response (8/20)]; with 40% stable disease (8/20) and 15% progression of disease (3/20). Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 21.0 months (95% CI, 13.6-NR). CONCLUSIONS: In this trial of heavily treated NETs, preliminary data are promising for the use of (177)Lu-satoreotide tetraxetan. Additional studies are ongoing to determine optimal therapeutic dose/schedule.