Abstract
Background: We evaluated the efficacy and safety of gemcitabine in combination with erlotinib and S-1 for the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer. Methods: Chemotherapy-naïve patients with pathologically-proven locally advanced, recurrent, or metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma were assessed for eligibility. Gemcitabine was administered at 1,000 mg/m(2) intravenously on days 1 and 8, erlotinib was administered at 100 mg/day on days 1-21, and S-1 was administered at 60 mg/m(2) on days 1-14 every 21 days and continued to a maximum of 8 cycles of treatment. Dose escalation of S-1 to 80 mg/m(2) was permitted from the second cycle for pre-defined tolerable patients. Results: Thirty-seven patients (median age 61.5 years) were enrolled. A total of 140 cycles of chemotherapy were administered (median of 3.8; range 1-8 cycles). Toxicities were evaluated in 36 patients, and the responses were evaluated in 32 patients. Major grade 3/4 toxicities included neutropenia (25%), febrile neutropenia (2.8%), fatigue (22.2%), infection (8.3%), vomiting (5.6%), and mucositis (5.6%). The confirmed overall response rate was 12.5% [95% confidence interval (CI), 5.1-28.9%] and the disease control rate was 71.9% (95% CI, 56.8-86.3%). The median progression-free survival and overall survival were 3.7 months (95% CI, 2.8-4.6 months) and 6.7 months (95% CI, 3.4-9.9 months), respectively. Conclusion: The combination of gemcitabine, erlotinib, and S-1 provided an acceptable toxicity profile and modest clinical benefits in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer.