Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM: Multiple myeloma is a B-cell neoplasm, which can spread within the marrow of the bones forming many small tumors. In advanced disease, multiple myeloma can spread to the blood as plasma cell leukemia. In some cases, a localized tumor known as plasmacytoma is found within a single bone. Despite the approval of several agents such as melphalan, corticosteroids, proteasome inhibitors, thalidomide-based immuno-modulatory agents, histone deacetylase inhibitors, a nuclear export inhibitor and monoclonal antibodies daratuzumab and elatuzumab, the disease presently remains uncurable. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In order to define new targets and treatment modalities we searched the literature for microRNAs, which increase or inhibit in vivo efficacy in multiple-myeloma-related xenograft models. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: We identified six up-regulated and twelve down-regulated miRs, which deserve further preclinical validation.