Abstract
This paper provides an overview of perioperative treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), including the current widespread use of cytotoxic anticancer agents, promising molecular targeted agents, and immuno-checkpoint inhibitors. Multiple clinical trials have confirmed that postoperative chemotherapy with cytotoxic anticancer agents should be given for stage IIB to III (according to the 8th edition of the TNM classification for NSCLC) if possible, and preoperative treatment also is recommended for patients with N2 or higher stage. However, advances in concurrent chemoradiotherapy are expected to change the significance of neoadjuvant therapy. Perioperative treatment with molecular targeted agents appears to extend disease-free survival, but there is currently no evidence that it can extend overall survival. Perioperative treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors requires further evidence but is likely to be effective. Although perioperative treatment of NSCLC could be costly it continues to evolve in hopes of a cure.