Abstract
BACKGROUND: Digital health technologies present a promising avenue for improving healthcare access in low-resource settings. In both rural and urban communities in Nigeria, challenges such as workforce shortages, limited infrastructure, and socioeconomic barriers continue to restrict healthcare delivery. This study aimed to evaluate knowledge and usage of digital health tools among healthcare professionals and residents in rural communities of Oyo State, Nigeria. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from July to August 2024 in eight primary healthcare centres across two rural local government areas. A total of 393 participants, comprising 158 healthcare professionals and 235 residents, completed structured questionnaires assessing digital competency, tool usage, and willingness to adopt digital health solutions. Data were analysed using SPSS version 28. Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests (non-parametric test) were used to assess group differences, while logistic regression identified predictors of digital health readiness. RESULTS: Healthcare professionals demonstrated high levels of digital tool usage, with 91.8% reporting daily use of these tools. Significant differences in digital knowledge were found across professional roles [p < 0.001], with nurses and doctors exhibiting greater competency than other allied healthcare workers. Among residents in the community, daily use was low [14.7%], though 78.3% reported prior experience with digital tools. Education level was significantly associated with both usage [p = 0.025] and willingness to adopt digital health tools [p < 0.001]. Logistic regression confirmed education as the strongest predictor of readiness, with residents possessing general education being significantly more likely to express willingness [OR = 8.178, p = 0.025] compared to those with postgraduate education. CONCLUSIONS: Healthcare professionals demonstrate high engagement with digital health tools, while residents face accessibility and literacy barriers. Interestingly, readiness among residents appears driven by necessity rather than digital confidence. Addressing infrastructural gaps and expanding inclusive training and outreach efforts are essential to foster equitable digital health adoption in rural Nigeria.