Abstract
BACKGROUND: This study aims to validate a hypothesized model of the relationships between optimism, resilience, coping, parenting stress, perceived social support, and anxiety, as well as their influencing factors and consequences among caregivers of children diagnosed with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P). METHODS: A hypothesized model was proposed based on diathesis-stress theoretical model and existing literature. A convenience sample of two CL/P treatment centers in China was collected between April 2019 and July 2020. Various well-validated instruments were used to collect 248 valid data points. Descriptive statistics and correlations were computed to assess model fitness and path analysis was performed to investigate direct and indirect effects. RESULTS: The results revealed that the average level of anxiety among caregivers of children suffering from CL/P was 3.00 (0.00,6.00). The fitness of the modified path model was evaluated using various measures, including χ2/df = 1.806, GFI = 0.989, RFI = 0.916, IFI = 0.990, CFI = 0.989, TLI = 0.960, RMSEA = 0.0570. Parenting stress had the greatest direct associated with anxiety, followed by perceived social support. Moreover, indirect relations to anxiety were observed for optimism, resilience, and coping, which were mediated through perceived social support and parenting stress. CONCLUSION: In summary, this work suggests that both parenting stress and perceived social support in caregivers of children suffering from CL/P are associated with anxiety. Therefore, developing effective intervention approaches targeting key factors might potentially instrumental to alleviate anxiety.