Abstract
Maintaining dietary self-monitoring during obesity treatment may improve outcomes. As dietary variety is associated with energy intake, understanding the pattern of when new foods and beverages are consumed may assist with identifying when self-monitoring should occur. This study examined dietary variety (total number of differing foods and beverages consumed) from the first 40 days of self-monitoring records reporting ≥ 3 eating occasions and >600 kcal/day from 60 adults (55.9 ± 9.1 yrs, 35.1 ± 5.3 kg/m(2), 80.0% female, 95.0% white) participating in a smartphone-based, lifestyle intervention. Dietary variety was coded using an ingredient-based approach. Additionally, new flavors of previously consumed items, and modified and non-modified items contributed to variety. Total number of different foods and beverages consumed over 40 coded days (cumulative variety [cv(40)]); number of days to reach 50%, 75%, and 100% of cv(40); cv(40) by eating occasions; and mean number of new items consumed on weekdays and weekend days were calculated. CV(40) was 145.4 ± 33.5. Number of coded days to consume 50%, 75%, and 100% of cv(40) was 12.7, 25.1, and 40.0, respectively. Dinner was greater (p < 0.0001) in cv(40) (58.6 ± 18.5 different items) than other eating occasions, and lunch was greater (p < 0.0001) (38.8 ± 10.7 different items) than breakfast and snack. Weekend days had a greater mean number of new items consumed than weekdays, (3.8 ± 1.0 items vs. 3.6 ± 0.9 items, p = 0.035). Variety of items consumed during obesity treatment is high, and to capture the majority of differing items consumed, at least 4 weeks of detailed recording is needed. After this, to capture new foods and beverages consumed, self-monitoring dinners, lunch, and weekend days may be helpful.