Abstract
Background/Objectives: The increasing consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) has been associated in recent years with negative effects on both physical and mental health. Ultra-processed products have been increasingly linked with poorer mental health outcomes, with research suggesting associations with higher rates of depression, anxiety, and cognitive difficulties. The aim of this systematic review was to determine whether and to what extent UPF intake is linked to metal health in children and adolescents. Methods: The methodological approach involved a systematic review of 20 recent epidemiological studies, identified through the PubMed and EBSCO databases using MeSH and TIAB search terms. The selected articles were evaluated in terms of sample characteristics, assessment tools, results and methodological quality. Results: Most findings revealed a positive association between high UPF consumption and mental health problems such as anxiety, depression, irritability or nervousness, sleep disturbances and suicidal ideation. However, variations were observed depending on the country, sex and the assessment tools used. Conclusions: In conclusion, the results of this review support the hypothesis that increased consumption of UPFs may be a risk factor for mental health in children and adolescents. Further longitudinal and interventional research is needed, alongside the promotion of healthy dietary policies targeting the pediatric and adolescent populations.