Abstract
Despite increased uptake of antiretroviral therapy (ART) among pregnant people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), vertical transmission remains the most important route of pediatric HIV acquisition. The numbers of HIV acquisitions in infancy have remained alarmingly stagnant in recent years. It is evident that additional strategies that can synergize with ART will be required to end the pediatric HIV epidemic. In this review, we discuss the potential for immune-based interventions that can be administered in conjunction with current ART-based strategies to the birthing parent for prevention of vertical transmission of HIV-1, and the potential challenges associated with each approach.