Abstract
PURPOSE: Lung cancer has become a crucial problem among individuals living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and causes high mortality in Western countries. Japan has an increasing number of newly infected HIV patients, and lung cancer is becoming a theme in this population. However, clinical factors of this particular population in East Asian are unclear given the identification of ethnic differences in lung cancer in the general population. METHODS: From 1986 to 2013, a retrospective nationwide study involving Japanese patients living with HIV and diagnosed with lung cancer was undertaken. RESULTS: Forty-three lung cancer patients with HIV were identified (median age, 60.0 years; males, 97.7%; early-stage cancer, 37.2%; metastatic cancer, 34.9%), 41 (95.3%) of whom developed lung cancer in the antiretroviral era. The median CD4-positive T-cell count was 326 cells/µL. Adenocarcinoma was the most frequent histology (55.8%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (27.9%). Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) status was examined in 14 patients; five (35.7%) had EGFR mutations. The median overall survival time was 25.1 months for all stages and 7.9 months for advanced-stage cancer. Using univariate analysis, the only favorable prognostic factor for overall survival was cancer stage (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of lung cancer among HIV patients in Japan has been increasing in the past decade. The present Japanese cohort showed similar EGFR mutation status similar to that of general population. The ethnic differences known in the general population were seen even in the population living with HIV, implying distinct clinical characteristics and outcomes from those reported in Western countries.