Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Human reproduction presents a challenge for our species, as evidenced by the escalating rates of infertility. This trend has prompted inquiries into diverse strategies aimed at mitigating infertility and enhancing conception rates. Despite the extensive research on advanced maternal age as a risk factor for reproductive outcomes, paternal age has historically garnered comparatively less attention. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of paternal age on embryos and its subsequent repercussions on fertilization rate, biochemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, and live birth rate in individuals undergoing assisted reproductive treatment in a public reproductive center located in Brazil. METHODS: This investigation adopted a retrospective cohort, cross-sectional, analytical design, utilizing the analysis of secondary data, covering the period from July 2015 to July 2021. RESULTS: A total of 350 couples grappling with infertility and undergoing intrauterine insemination (IUI), in vitro fertilization (IVF), and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) were included in the analysis. Examination of age groups revealed a notable correlation between the ages of women and men (correlation coefficient R=0.12, p<0.0001). In the analysis of IVF techniques, a discernible trend towards a negative correlation with paternal age was observed, signifying that higher paternal age was linked to lower fertilization rates (p=0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Advanced paternal age significantly impacts full-term birth rates in IVF procedures, emphasizing the need for preconception public health advisories that underscore the risks associated with delaying parenthood for both men and women, particularly among those necessitating assisted reproductive techniques.