Abstract
PURPOSE: To clarify the efficacy of the OPtimization of Thyroid function, Thrombophilia, IMmunity and Uterine Milieu (OPTIMUM) treatment strategy on pregnancy outcomes after euploid blastocyst transfer in advanced age women with recurrent implantation failure (RIF) and/or recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). METHODS: Between January 2019 and May 2022, 193 consecutive women aged ≥40 years with RIF and/or RPL received single euploid blastocyst transfer. Before embryo transfer, 127 women underwent RIF/RPL testing. Chronic endometritis was treated with mainly antibiotics, aberrant high Th1/Th2 cell ratios with vitamin D and/or tacrolimus, overt/subclinical hypothyroidism with levothyroxine, and thrombophilia with low-dose aspirin. We compared pregnancy outcomes in the women who did and did not receive the OPTIMUM treatment strategy. RESULTS: Women with RIF/RPL in the OPTIMUM group had significantly higher clinical pregnancy and livebirth rates than did those in the control group (clinical pregnancy rate of 71.7% and 45.5%, p < 0.001; livebirth rate of 64.6% and 39.4%, p = 0.001, respectively). However, preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy with and without OPTIMUM promoted low miscarriage rates with no significant difference between them (9.9%, and 13.3%, respectively; p = 0.73). CONCLUSIONS: The OPTIMUM treatment strategy improved clinical pregnancy rates after single euploid blastocyst transfer; but not miscarriage rates.