Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Implementation of lung cancer screening is suboptimal. Understanding health care provider preferences and behavior is important for implementation. In this work, provider preferences for lung cancer screening implementation and self-reported determinants of lung cancer screening behavior were reported using the theoretical domains framework. METHODS: In this mixed-methods evaluation, health care providers at nine Veterans Affairs were surveyed to list factors influencing their decision to screen patients for lung cancer in free-text responses and rank implementation strategies by usefulness in clinical practice. Free-text data were coded and mapped to the theoretical domains framework. Quantitative ranking data were descriptively analyzed overall and by specialty (primary care versus radiology), clinic setting (hospital versus community), and provider type (physician versus advanced practice provider). RESULTS: Of 234/254 eligible providers analyzed, most were primary care (83.8%), community-based (52.1%), and physicians (66.2%). Respondents identified social influences (69.2%), knowledge (55.6%), and environmental context and resources (15.4%) as influential behavioral determinants. Overall, patient reminders (29.9%), provider reminders (26.1%), and learning collaboratives (24.4%) were reported most frequently as useful implementation strategies. Strategy preferences differed by specialty, practice setting, and provider type: primary care (30.1%), physician (34.2%), and hospital-based (33.0%) providers most frequently ranked patient reminders; radiology providers most frequently ranked learning collaborative (42.1%); advanced practice providers (24.1%) and community-based providers (27.0%) most frequently ranked provider reminders as most useful. CONCLUSIONS: Designing implementation strategies that target three behavioral determinants (social influences, knowledge, and environmental context and resources) and are tailored to providers' preferences may effectively change providers' lung cancer screening behavior.