Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) is an efficient tool for establishing genetic models including cellular models, and has facilitated unprecedented advancements in biomedical research. In both patients and cancer animal models, immune cells infiltrate the tumor microenvironment and some of them migrate to draining lymph nodes to exert antitumor effects. Among these immune cells, phagocytes such as macrophages and dendritic cells engulf tumor antigens prior to their crosstalk with T cells and elicit adaptive immune response against tumors. Melanoma cells are frequently used as a tumor model because of their relatively high level of somatic mutations and antigenicity. However, few genetic models have been developed using melanoma cell lines to track tumor cell phagocytosis, which is essential for understanding protective immune response in vivo. In this study, we used CRISPR/Cas9-mediated DNA cleavage and homologous recombination to develop a novel knock-in tool which expresses the ultra-bright fluorescent probe ZsGreen in YUMM1.7 melanoma cells. Using this novel tool, we measured the macrophagic engulfment of melanoma cells inside the tumor microenvironment. We also found that in tumor-grafted mice, a subset of dendritic cells efficiently engulfed YUMM1.7 cells and was preferentially trafficking tumor antigens to draining lymph nodes. In addition, we used this knock-in tool to assess the impact of a point mutation of CD11b on phagocytosis in the tumor microenvironment. Our results demonstrate that the ZsGreen-expressing YUMM1.7 melanoma model provides a valuable tool for the study of phagocytosis in vivo.