Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell (PSC) derivation advances have revealed enormous potential for improved cancer immunotherapy and clinical-scale blood cell production. PSCs can self-renew indefinitely and be differentiated into specialized cells, making them promising candidates for producing cytotoxic lymphocytes. Deriving natural killer (NK) cells from PSCs unlocks new possibilities for studying developmental hematopoiesis and investigating potential immunotherapy treatments. Cellular therapies, combined with genetic engineering, are potent tools for combating cancer and viral infections. While NK cells directly lyse tumor cells, genetic modifications, such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) engineering or the deletion of checkpoint molecules, can enhance their functional capacity. Here, we discuss recent advances in induced PSC (iPSC) editing and guided differentiation, focusing on developing NK cell immunotherapeutic products and optimizing iPSCs as an NK cell source to broaden therapeutic options and address diverse patient needs. This comprehensive review evaluates iPSC-derived NK cell-based therapies, recent advances, and future genome-editing strategies.