Abstract
BACKGROUND: Mental health conditions, particularly symptoms of anxiety and depression among women of reproductive age, constitute a substantial public health burden. However, comprehensive studies on these issues are scarce in Mozambique. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with depression and anxiety symptoms among Mozambican women of reproductive age using nationally representative data. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We analyzed data from the 2022-23 Mozambique Demographic and Health Survey, including a sample of 13,183 women aged 15-49. Depression and anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify associated factors, and a concentration curve was employed to assess wealth-related inequality of mental health conditions. RESULTS: Depression symptoms were reported by 10 % (95 % CI: 9.5-10.7) of women, while 11 % (95 % CI: 10.5-11.7) reported anxiety symptoms. Older age, skilled professions, and pregnancy were associated with higher odds of depression and anxiety symptoms. Conversely, women from wealthier households who engaged in agricultural work and had greater household decision-making power showed lower odds. Geographically, women in Nampula province had significantly higher odds, whereas those in Gaza province had lower odds. Also, significant wealth-related inequality was observed, with lower socioeconomic groups having higher mental health conditions. CONCLUSION: These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted interventions addressing socioeconomic and geographic disparities in mental health among Mozambican women. Efforts should focus on improving access to mental health services and integrating mental health care into broader public health strategies.