Abstract
Despite a well-developed healthcare system, significant social health disparities exist in Germany. People facing social disadvantages are particularly affected by a higher burden of disease and mortality. A large part of these inequalities can be explained by differences in health-related behaviours, in particular dietary behaviours.This article examines theoretical approaches and current empirical findings through the lens of behavioural and cultural insights-an interdisciplinary perspective that considers the influence of sociocultural factors on health behaviours-to better understand and effectively address social differences in nutrition. Both structural and individual factors play a crucial role: in socially disadvantaged regions, the food environment is often characterized by a higher density of fast-food outlets and increased advertising for unhealthy foods. At the same time, differences in behavioural determinants and their influence on eating habits can be observed.Reducing social disparities in diet quality-and the resulting health inequalities-requires strategies at both structural and individual levels. Regulatory measures, such as advertising restrictions on unhealthy foods, improved access to healthier options or fiscal incentives, can positively shape the food environment. At the same time, interventions are needed to strengthen individual skills and social food systems, for example through early nutrition education, healthier frameworks in communal catering or programs that promote self-efficacy.