Abstract
Background and Objectives: Healthy lifestyle behaviors and cancer screening are crucial for cancer prevention; however, their relationship remains inadequately explored. This study examines cancer-related lifestyle behaviors, attitudes toward cancer screening, and their interrelationship in adults. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 1129 adults (aged 18-70) visiting family health centers in Kayseri, Türkiye. Data was collected via face-to-face surveys assessing sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle behaviors (Lifestyle Questionnaire Related to Cancer), and screening attitudes (Attitude Scale Toward Cancer Screenings). Statistical analyses included Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman correlation tests. Results: Women, married participants, urban residents, and those with higher education and income exhibited healthier lifestyle behaviors and more positive attitudes toward cancer screening (p < 0.05). A weak but significant correlation (r = 0.247, p < 0.05) was found between healthy lifestyle behaviors and positive screening attitudes. Despite national screening programs, adherence to breast and cervical cancer screenings remained low (51.5% and 44.6%, respectively). Having a first-degree relative with cancer did not significantly influence screening behaviors. Conclusions: Gender, education, income, and marital status significantly influence cancer prevention behaviors. However, screening participation remains suboptimal, highlighting the need for targeted public health strategies. Improving health literacy and accessibility to screening programs could enhance cancer prevention efforts.