Abstract
BACKGROUND: Hypertension rates have increased worldwide, with the most significant increase in morbidity and mortality observed among African Americans. Resilience is a potential factor influencing how individuals manage health-related challenges or self-management tasks for hypertension. Research is scarce related to resilience and self-management frameworks in African Americans with hypertension. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to describe a conceptualized resilience framework and preliminary findings of the association among resilience precursors, stress response, hypertension self-management behaviors, and health outcomes in African Americans with hypertension. METHODS: This cross-sectional, descriptive-correlational study included African American adults with hypertension, aged 25 years and older, recruited from an academic university and surrounding urban communities in the Midwest. Participants completed standardized, validated questionnaires to examine the association among resilience precursors, stress response, hypertension self-management behaviors, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and blood pressure at baseline. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the sample demographic characteristics, whereas Pearson's correlational and multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine the associations among the variables. RESULTS: African Americans with hypertension (N = 30) were included in this preliminary study, with a mean age of 59.17 years; 66.7% were female. The mean systolic blood pressure was 136 (SD = 16.8) mmHg; the mean diastolic blood pressure was 78.1 (SD = 13) mmHg. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed significant relationships between resilience precursors, stress response, hypertension self-management behaviors and capability, and health outcome components. Multiple regression analysis showed that poor perceived resilience significantly predicted depression. Low dispositional optimism and low perceived resilience were significant predictors of stress. Higher perceived resilience significantly predicted self-efficacy. Perceived stress was negatively and significantly associated with HRQOL. Finally, higher self-efficacy significantly predicted better HRQOL. DISCUSSION: This study underscores the significant association between resilience, stress, self-management behaviors, and health outcomes in African Americans with hypertension. Further research with larger sample sizes and longitudinal designs is warranted to confirm and expand upon these findings.