Abstract
BACKGROUND: Hypertriglyceridemia is one of the most prevalent lipid abnormalities encountered in clinical practice. Although many monogenic disorders causing severe hypertriglyceridemia have been identified, in most patients, triglyceride elevations result from a combination of multiple genetic variations with small effects and environmental factors. Common secondary causes include obesity, uncontrolled diabetes, alcohol abuse, high-fat foods, and the use of various commonly prescribed drugs. Notably, manipulating the gut microbiota through probiotic intervention may reduce triglyceride levels by targeting intestinal lipid absorption and host lipid metabolism. AIM OF REVIEW: This paper reviews recent animal and human studies on probiotic interventions, summarizing the mechanisms through which probiotics reduce triglyceride levels and exploring the potential of next-generation probiotics in alleviating hypertriglyceridemia. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW: To discuss the link between gut microbiota and hypertriglyceridemia and the next generation of probiotics with the potential to reduce hypertriglyceridemia. Meanwhile, we also elucidate the mechanisms through which probiotics and their metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids and bile acids, mediate multiple pathways to reduce triglyceride levels. Finally, the challenges and prospects of the application of probiotics were prospected.