Abstract
Background/Objectives: The treatment of ovarian cancer (OC), which is predominantly diagnosed in advanced stages, poses a significant challenge to modern gynecologic oncology practice. A significant proportion of patients exhibit chemoresistance, underscoring the need for novel therapeutic interventions. This challenge is further compounded by the immunogenic nature of this neoplasm, prompting the exploration of alternative therapies. A notable example is the use of trastuzumab-deruxtecan (T-DXd), an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), that has demonstrated encouraging outcomes in preliminary studies and has the potential to become a new treatment option. This systematic review aims to prove that. Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) structure was employed to systematically search the PubMed and Scopus databases from December 2024. Furthermore, authors employed materials from the FDA's official website and registry of clinical trials that are currently recruiting participants for T-DXd's studies. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials and observational studies assessing T-DXd in patients with OC. Outcomes of interest were objective response rate (ORR), median overall survival, adverse effects, and progression-free survival. Data was synthesized narratively. Results: Following a thorough review of available literature, 30 scientific papers were selected for inclusion. A total of 598 patients participated in clinical trials. The most common adverse effects were blurred vision and nausea, generally manageable. The risk of bias was low in most studies. Conclusions: T-DXd shows promising efficacy. A comparison of T-DXd with the ADC currently approved for OC therapy reveals that both demonstrate similar median overall survival and ORRs. However, the drug has exhibited significant adverse effects in breast cancer trials and has been studied on a relatively small number of patients. Therefore, further clinical trials focusing on OC patients are necessary to better assess the safety and efficacy of T-DXd in this population.