Abstract
The burden of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection is currently unknown and may affect 12 to 72 million people distributed across various hot spots in different regions of the globe. Screening for antibodies to HDV infection in patients positive for the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is generally available in most parts of the world, but systematic testing for HDV is needed. Chronic HDV infection is associated with a higher risk of progression to cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma compared to hepatitis B virus (HBV) mono-infection. Bulevirtide is the recently available treatment against hepatitis delta. The results of efficacy studies and new drugs (lonafarnib) are under discussion. New therapeutic strategies are in development, revealing a critical need for valid next-generation treatments to cure HDV.