Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Vitamin D is a neurosteroid that modulates multiple brain functions and may be involved in the clinical presentation of psychotic disorders. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with schizophrenia and cognitive decline, particularly in executive functions. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between vitamin D levels and performance in executive functions, processing speed, accuracy, and concentration in patients with schizophrenia and other organic mental disorders. METHOD: Retrospective, cross-sectional study with convenience sampling. The sample consisted of 113 adults (66 with schizophrenia and 47 with other organic mental conditions) admitted to the Institute of Neurosciences of Guayaquil, aged between 22 and 85 years. RESULTS: The findings indicate a significant correlation between vitamin D levels and executive function performance. Higher levels of vitamin D were associated with less decline in executive functions in patients with schizophrenia and organ damage. Processing speed was higher in patients with optimal vitamin D levels compared to those with deficiency. In patients with organ damage, low vitamin D levels were associated with lower accuracy and concentration. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that adequate vitamin D levels may help preserve executive functions in people with schizophrenia and other organic mental disorders. Vitamin D supplementation is recommended in treatments to improve clinical outcomes and quality of life for these patients. Early detection and intervention are crucial to prevent further cognitive decline.