Abstract
Breast cancer is among the most prevalent cancers in females globally and has the highest mortality rate. The emergence of pharmacologic resistance in breast cancer is a significant challenge for researchers in the pursuit of effective treatment. Investigations in cancer nanotechnology have been transformed by the advancement of smart polymers, lipids, and inorganic materials. Research is now being conducted in the field of innovative nano-pharmaceutical formulations aimed at enhancing the efficacy and durability of chemotherapy. Nanotechnology-based delivery systems are beneficial for combating breast cancer due to theranostic applications, augmented drug encapsulation, decreased degradation, and minimal adverse effects. This review discusses breast cancer and its stages, various risk factors, and pathogenesis, in addition to diagnosis and treatment. Novel nanocarriers are included with the most recent findings in this area and the potential use of these nanocarriers in cancer therapy that centers on their clinical usage for improved treatment. Patents and promising clinical trial results are also explained in detail, with nanotoxicity, ethical concerns, and regulations. This study underscores the importance of treatment strategies using nanotechnology, highlighting the advancing paradigm of breast cancer care. This article examines the prospects, obstacles, and future trajectories of nanomedicines.