Abstract
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have indicated that both dietary zinc supplementation and sleep patterns may influence the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Additionally, it is established that dietary zinc can enhance sleep quality. Despite these insights, the interplay between zinc supplementation and sleep patterns, and their combined effect on CKD progression, is still not fully understood. METHODS: This population-based cohort study used UK Biobank data (2006-2010) and employed cox regression models to assess the associations between dietary zinc supplementation, sleep patterns, and their combined effects on CKD. RESULTS: Over a median follow-up of 14.8 years, 22,384 new CKD cases were identified. Zinc supplementation reduced CKD risk in individuals with poor (HR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.50-0.98) and moderate (HR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.81-0.98) sleep patterns but not in those with healthy sleep (HR: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.89-1.14). A significant interaction between zinc supplementation and sleep patterns was observed (p = 0.017), with sensitivity analyses confirming the results. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate a significant association between dietary zinc supplementation and reduced CKD risk, especially in individuals with poor sleep patterns. Further studies are needed to explore zinc supplementation as a targeted intervention for those at higher CKD risk due to poor sleep.