Abstract
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, immune-mediated disorder characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of the esophageal epithelium, primarily driven by exposure to food and aeroallergens. Although dietary elimination remains the cornerstone of therapy, the identification of specific food triggers still largely relies on empiric methods. This narrative review explores the diagnostic and therapeutic role of component-resolved diagnostics (CRD) and other molecular tools in the personalized management of EoE. Across observational and cohort studies, CRD has shown improved sensitivity in detecting clinically relevant allergen sensitizations compared with conventional tests, allowing for more precise dietary guidance and, in some cases, reducing unnecessary food exclusions. However, remission rates achieved through CRD-guided diets remain comparable or slightly lower than those obtained with empiric elimination, highlighting the need for validation in prospective, controlled studies. Recent advances in omics-based diagnostics, including gene expression profiling and proteomic biomarkers, further underscore the potential of integrating molecular and immunologic endotyping into clinical practice. Overall, current evidence supports CRD as a promising adjunctive tool that enhances the precision of allergen identification but is not yet ready to replace empiric dietary strategies. Future research should focus on validating standardized CRD-guided algorithms, integrating omics-derived biomarkers, and developing non-invasive diagnostic platforms. Incorporating dietitian-led nutritional assessment and biomarker monitoring into CRD- and omics-informed care pathways may help prevent nutrient deficiencies, improve adherence, and translate molecular precision into safer, patient-centered dietary management.