Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate in vivo oxidative capacity and relative resistance to O(2) diffusion using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in the m. triceps brachii of recreational to world class swimmers and evaluate their relationships with swimming performance. Twenty-eight swimmers were enrolled and assigned into three subgroups according to their level: 'recreational/trained' (Tier 1/2; n = 8), 'national' (Tier 3; n = 12) and 'international/world class' (Tier 4/5; n = 8). Performance was evaluated by 100 m freestyle trials. Training volume was measured by self-reported distance (km/week). The mV̇O2 recovery k of m. triceps brachii was non-invasively estimated by NIRS through repeated intermittent occlusions under two conditions: well-oxygenated (k(HIGH)) and low O(2) availability (k(LOW)). The difference between k(HIGH) and k(LOW) (Δk) was calculated as an index of relative resistance to O(2) diffusion. FINA points and 100 m performance differed among all groups. Training volume was greater in Tier 4/5 (34.0 ± 5.5 km week(-1)) and Tier 3 (35.5 ± 11.6 km week(-1)) than in Tier 1/2 (6.4 ± 1.8 km week(-1)). k(HIGH) was greater in Tier 4/5 and Tier 3 (3.18 ± 0.41 and 2.79 ± 0.40 min(-1)) versus Tier 1/2 (2.10 ± 0.36 min(-1); all P < 0.002). k(HIGH) correlated with FINA points, 100 m performance and training volume. ∆k was not different among tiers and was not associated with training volume or performance. M. triceps brachii oxidative capacity (k(HIGH)) was positively associated with performance and training volume in swimmers. ∆k, which reflects relative resistance to O(2) diffusion, was not different among athletes. These data suggest that m. triceps brachii oxidative capacity is associated with swimming performance and that muscle O(2) diffusing capacity exerts a similar relative resistance to O(2) diffusive flow across swimmers.