Abstract
Wuweizisu B (WSB), a bioactive lignan derived from Schisandra chinensis, has shown promise as a multi‑target anticancer agent with unique therapeutic advantages over conventional therapies. The present review systematically examined the molecular mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of WSB, including induction of cell cycle arrest, promotion of apoptosis through mitochondrial and death receptor pathways, inhibition of epithelial‑mesenchymal transition and remodeling of the tumor immune microenvironment. WSB exhibits synergistic potential with chemotherapy and immunotherapy and can reverse multidrug resistance (MDR) by modulating key pathways such as STAT3, P‑glycoprotein (P‑gp), and survivin. To address pharmacokinetic limitations, particularly low oral bioavailability, the present review discussed innovative delivery strategies such as nanotechnology‑based formulations to enhance tumor targeting. Thus, with its pleiotropic mechanisms, low toxicity profile, and broad‑spectrum efficacy across multiple cancers, the WSB merits further investigation as a complementary oncology therapeutic. However, its clinical translation faces challenges, including potential hepatotoxicity and lack of clinical validation. The present review consolidated current knowledge of WSB's anticancer potential while providing a roadmap for clinical development, emphasizing the need for biomarker‑driven trials and precision delivery systems to fully realize its therapeutic value in personalized medicine.