Abstract
Escin, a natural triterpene saponin mixture obtained from the horse chestnut tree (Aesculus hippocastanum), has been used for the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), hemorrhoids, and edema. However, it is unclear how escin protects against endothelial barrier dysfunction induced by pro-inflammatory high mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1). Here, we report that escin can suppress (a) HMGB1-induced overexpression of the aquaporin-1 (AQP1) water channel in endothelial cells and (b) HMGB1-induced increases in endothelial cell permeability. This is the first report that escin inhibits AQP1 and alleviates barrier dysfunction in HMGB1-induced inflammatory response.