Abstract
Inflammation prompts cancer development and promotes all stages of tumorigenesis. Calcitriol is a nutraceutical essential regulator for host health benefits. However, the influence of calcitriol on inflammatory mediators involved in cancer cells is not clear. This study aimed to assess the sensitivity of calcitriol alone and combined with capric acid, and identify the possible influence of calcitriol on inflammatory mediators. The colorectal cancer cell line (HCT116) was induced by LPS/TNF-α and the inflammation and metastatic mediators (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17) were quantified in calcitriol and capric acid supplemented colon cancer cells. The mRNA and protein expression of MMP-2, NF-κB and COX-2 were quantified. The significant reduction in MMP-2 expression was confirmed at combination treatment by zymogram analysis. Our findings demonstrated the anti-inflammatory and anti-metastatic potentials of capric acid and calcitriol in individual exposure in a combination of human colon cancer cell lines (HCT116). These abilities may be due to the inhibition of COX-2 mediators and NF-κB transcription factor and reciprocally regulated MMP-2 and MMP-9 signaling pathways. These findings elucidate the activation of COX-2 and NF-κB via disruption of the cellular outer matrix could be considered a novel molecular target suitable for colorectal cancer therapy. This study confirmed that capric acid activates calcitriol sensitization in colon cancer cells and could be used as a successful supplement for intestinal diseases and colon aberrations.