Abstract
Allergic asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease driven by type 2 immune responses, whose pathogenesis correlates with the release of epithelial alarm proteins-thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), interleukin-25 (IL-25), and interleukin-33 (IL-33)-by airway epithelial cells following barrier injury. This paper systematically reviews the cutting-edge applications of nanoparticles (NPs) in targeting the epithelial alarmin signaling axis and its downstream immune cells, including dendritic cells, macrophages, Th2 cells, and regulatory T cells. By systematically reviewing research progress on nanoparticles in allergic asthma treatment, this review provides crucial theoretical support and technical frameworks for developing precise, efficient, and less-side-effect asthma therapies. It offers forward-looking guidance for advancing asthma treatment from laboratory to clinical translation.