Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Metacognitive strategy training is a crucial approach for addressing metacognitive deficits and enhancing metacognitive abilities, which can help mitigate age-related cognitive decline and optimise cognitive functioning. The present scoping review aims to systematically examine and synthesise the existing evidence on metacognitive strategy training programmes designed for both neurotypical adults and individuals with cognitive-communication disorders (CCDs). DESIGN: A scoping review following the JBI methodology. DATA SOURCES: A literature search was conducted systematically across PubMed, Embase and Web of Science between June and August 2024. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Studies involving metacognitive strategy training for neurotypical adults or individuals with CCDs, measuring cognition, communication or metacognitive skills. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Two reviewers independently screened studies in a two-step process, that is, title and abstract screening followed by full-text screening. Data extraction included study characteristics, participant demographics, intervention details and outcome measures. RESULTS: A total of 32 studies met the selection criteria, revealing diverse metacognitive training approaches that varied in component and dosage. The most frequently used approaches are the Cognitive Orientation to Occupational Performance approach and the Multicontext approach. The reported outcome measures included cognitive outcomes, metacognitive outcomes, well-being measures and feasibility measures. The majority of interventions targeted occupational goals, followed by cognitive skills, with fewer studies addressing cognitive-communicative skills. Studies have focused primarily on individuals with CCDs, with only a few targeting neurotypical adults. CONCLUSION: Studies examining the efficacy of metacognitive strategy training are heterogeneous in terms of population, intervention approaches, and outcome measures. There is significant potential to expand the focus of these interventions to include neurotypical adults, aiming to counteract age-related cognitive-communicative disorders. The limited research within the field of speech-language pathology presents a valuable opportunity for speech-language pathologists to broaden the application of metacognitive strategy training, particularly in enhancing cognitive-communicative abilities.