Abstract
Stress contributes to major depressive disorder (MDD) and chronic pain, which affect a significant portion of the global population, but researchers have not clearly determined how these conditions are initiated or amplified by stress. The chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) model is a mouse model of psychosocial stress that exhibits depressive-like behavior and chronic pain. We hypothesized that metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) expressed in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) normalizes the depressive-like behaviors and pain following CSDS. Here, we show that CSDS induced both pain and social avoidance and that the level of mGluR5 decreased in susceptible mice. Overexpression of mGluR5 in the NAc shell and core prevented the development of depressive-like behaviors and pain in susceptible mice, respectively. Conversely, depression-like behaviors and pain were exacerbated in mice with mGluR5 knockdown in the NAc shell and core, respectively, compared to control mice subjected to 3 days of social defeat stress. Furthermore, (RS)-2-chloro-5-hydroxyphenylglycine (CHPG), an mGluR5 agonist, reversed the reduction in the level of the endocannabinoid (eCB) 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) in the NAc of susceptible mice, an effect that was blocked by 3-((2-methyl-1, 3-thiazol-4-yl) ethynyl) pyridine hydrochloride (MTEP), an mGluR5 antagonist. In addition, the injection of CHPG into the NAc shell and core normalized depressive-like behaviors and pain, respectively, and these effects were inhibited by AM251, a cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1R) antagonist. Based on these results, mGluR5-mediated eCB production in the NAc relieves stress-induced depressive-like behaviors and pain.