Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To describe: (1) the most visible information (from individuals or organisations) on UK social media regarding hormone replacement therapy (HRT)/menopause hormone treatment for menopause; (2) claims made by these sources for HRT and testosterone outwith the indications specified by the British National Formulary (BNF) and the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) (ie, vasomotor instability, vaginal dryness, low mood associated with the menopause and, for testosterone, low libido after treatment with HRT) and for use for the prevention of future ill health and (3) conflicts of interest of commentators. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Online references to HRT, for use in menopause, in UK online media, comprising Facebook, Google, Instagram, TikTok and YouTube, 30 top ranked hits between 1 January 2022 and 1 June 2023 and Twitter (X) up to 1 May 2024. METHODS: Identification of the most visible information was performed via online searching with the term 'HRT' using incognito searches within each modality. Statements making claims were identified and analysed as to whether they were congruent with BNF and NICE advice on indications for use. Declarations of interest were extracted from the source or searched for if not apparent using a standardised search strategy. Data were entered into an Excel spreadsheet. Summary and descriptive statistics were used to summarise the results, including description of origin and types of claims, percentage of claims in agreement with NICE/BNF indications, relationship to financial interests and readership data, where available. RESULTS: 180 recommendations and/or claims for HRT were examined (30 from each of six platforms), made by professional individuals (53.4%), laypeople (41.7%) and patient, media and professional organisations (4.9%) completing the total. Overall, 67.2% of claims were outside of BNF/NICE recommendations. 139 (77.2%) were associated with a conflict of interest. In 117 cases, this was a conflict either directly or indirectly related to menopause, through provision of private practice, pharmaceutical industry funding or retail products marketed at the menopause. CONCLUSIONS: Social media commonly contains claims for HRT outside BNF/NICE guidance. Conflicts of interest by commentators are also common, directly or indirectly related to menopause. Less than a quarter of media contained no commercial conflict. Policymakers should consider means to ensure that non-conflicted, evidence-based information is visible to professionals, patients and the public. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/r7e5c/).