Optimally Toothed Apertures for Reduced Diffraction

We model diffraction errors found when using toothed apertures [L. P. Boivin, Reduction of diffraction errors in radiometry by means of toothed apertures, Appl. Opt. 17, 3323-3328 (1978)]. Using toothed (cf. circular) apertures minimizes diffraction by inducing destructive interference within the diffracted signal. Since diffraction effects can be quite complicated, their over-all reduction may help limit uncertainties in, say calibrations. Our analysis yields three principles to guide design of nonlimiting (baffle) apertures which minimize diffrac tion. We performed detailed diffraction calculations within scalar (Kirchoff) diffraction theory, using parallel-computing resources at the National Institute of Standards and Technology.