Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy of endovascular treatment and clinical outcomes in individuals with symptomatic intracranial stenosis who had not responded adequately to medical intervention. METHODS: The study included 32 patients who received endovascular treatment due to high-grade (70%-99% severity) intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis from December 2021 to December 2023. The patients had not experienced any acute ischemic or hemorrhagic infarction within the last three weeks, had a Modified Rankin Scale score of ≤3 at baseline, and developed a transient ischemic attack or non-disabling stroke despite having received the best medical treatment. Technical and clinical success, mortality, and complication rates were recorded. RESULTS: Of the 32 patients included in the study, 62.5% (n=20) were male, and the mean age was 66.4±10.09 years. Stenting was performed on the intracranial internal carotid artery in 43.8% (n=14) of the patients, the intradural vertebral artery in 37.5% (n=12), the middle cerebral artery in 12.5% (n=4), and the basilar artery in 6.3% (n=2). The technical success rate was 100%, and the clinical success rate was 87.5%. The mean degree of stenosis before the procedure was 91.7±6.3%, and the degree of residual stenosis after the procedure was 22.1±4.7%. The Neuroform Atlas® stent system was used in 18 cases (56.3%), Credo® stents in eight (25%), coronary balloon-expandable stents in four (12.5%), and the LVIS® stent system in two (6.3%). Twenty-eight (87.5%) patients did not have any symptoms in the first 30 days, while two (6.2%) patients had an ischemic stroke, one (3.1%) patient had a hemorrhagic stroke, and one (3.1%) died. CONCLUSION: Endovascular treatment in carefully selected patients, a tailored selection of treatment subtypes, and an experienced multidisciplinary team overseeing the patient before, during, and after the procedure have the potential to provide safe and effective treatment for patients with symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis.